The female ‘cones’ grow in clusters near the branch tips and these remain green until the seeds are released. The berries appear just as the leaves are dropping in the fall. The bark is thin, smooth, and gray-brown. The Morton Arboretum is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that relies on the generosity of members and donors. Young leaves are sticky to the touch. In spring, stalked, yellow-green flowers mature in clusters. It should be avoided by pregnant and breast feeding. From top level menus, use escape to exit the menu. Yellow dye is obtained from the bark and young shoots. Entryway Garden, Cabarrus County Extension Office. The shoots of the common alder produce a yellowish or cinnamon-colored dye if cut early in the year. The bark and twigs contain 16 to 20% tannic acid but their usefulness in tanning is limited by the strong accompanying color they produce. Alnus glutinosa f. microcarpa Uechtr. Skype: healthbenefit55, Health benefits of Black Alder (European alder). The thin, reddish brown drooping male flowers (catkins) develop in the fall, overwinter on the tree and expand in spring before the leaves emerge. Wood is soft, white when first cut, turning to pale red; the knots are attractively mottled. Leaves of this tree are sticky and if they are spread on the floor of a room, their adhesive surface is said to trap fleas. Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menus and submenus. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to Under water the wood is very durable and is used for deep foundations of buildings. Alnus glutinosa var. It is... 3. Berries ripen from August to December. Read on to learn more. The seed are dispersed by wind and, if they fall on water, can be spread for long distances. They begin to turn brown. Bark has also been used as an internal and external haemostatic against hemorrhage. This means that male and female flowers are on a tree. You can search, browse, and learn more about the plants in our living collections by visiting our BRAHMS website. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); POLICY Other parts of the tree are also used in dyeing; the catkins can yield a green color and the fresh-cut wood a pinkish-fawn color. ex Callier, Alnus glutinosa f. sublobata (Zapal.) Alder is the food plant for the caterpillars of several moths including the alder kitten, pebble hook-tip, the autumnal and the blue-bordered carpet moth. Boiling the inner bark in vinegar produces a useful wash to treat lice and a range of skin problems such as scabies and scabs. Alder is known to possess astringent properties and is therefore known to be beneficial in treatment of numerous oral issues such as cavities and foul smell. They usually germinate within the first year. All rights reserved. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. In the spring, female flowers emerge and are fertilized by pollen from male catkins, Green becoming dark brown or black in late autumn, Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. According to some people, consumption of alder leaves causes blackening of the tongue and is harmful to horses. There are dwarf cultivars available. Alnus glutinosa, the common alder, black alder, European alder, European black alder, or just alder, is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to most of Europe, southwest Asia and northern Africa. Berries are striking on naked branches. It thrives in wet locations where its association with the bacterium Frankia alnienables it to grow in poor quality soils. European black alder has invasive traits that enable it to spread aggressively. As the tree matures it turns greyish brown with short warty, horizontal stripes (called lenticels) and shallow cracks. The wood of certain alder species is often used to smoke various food items such as coffee, salmon, and other seafood. Our Total Gym XLS Review. It is a medium size, short-lived tree growing to a height of up to 30 metres (100 ft). ex Dippel, Alnus glutinosa f. bosniaca (Beck) Callier, Alnus glutinosa f. imberbis (Bornm.) Grey to blackish with knobby lenticel bark, grey to grey-brown buds. Alder bark can also use with iron sulphate to create a black dye which can substitute for the use of sumach or galls. Decoction prepared with the bark of the alder is an effective medication to wash swelling and inflammations, particularly of the throat. Bark of the common alder has long been used in tanning and dyeing. This tree is under observation and may be listed on official invasive species lists in the near future. Depending on the mordant and the methods used, various shades of brown, fawn, and yellowish-orange hues can be imparted to wool, cotton and silk. The tree was brought from Europe to the East Coast by early colonists. Growing 40 to 60 feet tall, black alder is typically tall and narrow but sometimes pyramid-shaped. Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight), Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day), Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours), 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5b, 5a, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9b, 9a. ex Callier, Alnus glutinosa var. It is much valued by cabinet makers. Thin, reddish brown drooping male flowers develop in the fall, overwinter on the tree and expand in spring before the leaves emerge. form a strategic partnership called N.C. Kuntze, Alnus februaria var. Cinnamon dye is obtained from the shoots. Female specimens produce red-orange drupes that mature in the fall. Fire Risk: This plant has a low flammability rating. The catkins of some alder species have a degree of edibility, and may be rich in protein. As the tree matures it turns greyish brown with short warty, horizontal stripes (called lenticels) and shallow cracks. Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. Alnus glutinosa f. longipediculata A.Braun ex H.J.P.Winkl. Reported to have a bitter and unpleasant taste, they are more useful for survival purposes. Natural Areas Conservation Training Program, Black walnut toxicity (plants tolerant of), Preventing construction damage to trees and shrubs, Trees and shrubs for the four seasons landscape, Sudden Oak Death, Ramorum Blight and Phytophthora ramorum, Eastern United States Wetlands Collection. Seeds contain an air bladder which helps them to float in water. Title: EUROPEAN BLACK ALDER Subject: Alnus glutinosa L. Created Date: 7/3/2006 3:31:16 PM Callier, Alnus glutinosa f. tenuifolia (Callier) Callier. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. Alnus glutinosa f. subimberbis Bornm. They have serrated margin and a rounded shape with either a blunt tip or indented tip. Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menus and submenus. Alnus februaria var. Our communities. Use enter to activate. Leaves are astringent, galactogogue and vermifuge. The leaves are usually up to 13 cm long, and 5-8 cm wide with raised veins on the underside. The following menu has 3 levels. Alnus glutinosa f. incisa (Willd.) Help stop bleeding. Decoction of the bark has been used to treat swelling, inflammation and rheumatism, as an emetic, and to treat pharyngitis and sore throat. Leaves are serrate and veins are pubescent underneath. H.J.P.Winkl. It has short-stalked rounded leaves and separate male and female flower in the form of catkins. Insects, Diseases, or Other Plant Problems:   No serious problems. pinnatifida (Spach) Kuntze, Alnus februaria var. Alder wood is traditionally used to produce smoked meats and fish. The Winterberry is a host plant for Henry's Elfin butterfly and attracts other pollinators. Alnus glutinosa f. laciniata (Aiton) H.J.P.Winkl. Black Alder (European alder) is a moderately-sized deciduous tree or large shrub which is found growing about up to 30 meters (100 ft.) tall and 30 cm diameter. Is it Worth the Cost? How to stay fit by eating healthy and staying active, 9 Tips to Help You Get Rid of Oral Thrush, https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/GreatLakes/FactSheet.aspx?NoCache=9%2F13%2F2013+7%3A22%3A14+AM&SpeciesID=2696&State=&HUCNumber, Facts about Orchard Grass – Dactylis glomerata, Health benefits of Lady’s Bedstraw – Galium verum, Health benefits of Balsam Apple – Momordica balsamina, Uses and benefits of Wild Licorice – Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Health benefits of Goat’s Rue – Galega officinalis, Facts about Jewelweed – Impatiens capensis, Facts about Peking Spurge (Da Ji) – Euphorbia pekinensis, Uses and benefits of Rain Tree – Albizia saman, Uses and benefits of Chinaberry – Melia azedarach, Health benefits of Hemp Agrimony – Eupatorium cannabinum, Uses and benefits of Trout Lily – Erythronium americanum, Facts about Sea Holly – Eryngium maritimum, Health benefits of Yerba Santa – Eriodictyon californicum, Europe and western Asia, North Africa and Asia Minor, Small, winged seeds grouped in cone-like green strobiles, Maintain oral health and Prevention against cancer, Common Alder, European Alder, Black Alder, Moderately-sized deciduous tree or large shrub, Wetlands, riparian zones, lakesides, natural forests, planted forests, ruderal/disturbed areas, Up to 30 meters (100 ft.) and 30 cm diameter, Smooth and greenish brown when it is young. After they are fertilized, the female catkins harden into cone-like fruit which produce small winged seeds. (European alder). They produce an average of 60 seeds per cone and up to 4,000 cones per tree on mature trees. To obtain beautiful berries the plants must be property cross-pollinated. Callier, Alnus glutinosa f. subserrata (Zapal.) When the fruit ripens, the supporting and growing parts grow together Vorblätter of the female blooms. Deciduous shrubby holly with persistent red berries. H.J.P.Winkl. quercifolia (Willd.) Health benefits of Black Alder (European alder) 1. resistant to fire and mildly resistant to damage by deer. The black alder is monoecious and dioecious. It can be identified by its large, glossy green, oval to round leaves with a toothed margin; dangling catkins in early spring; and cone-like fruits, in fall. The common name comes from the red berries that provide winter interest and sometimes persist into early spring (if the birds don't eat them). Wood is used for furniture, pencils, bowls, woodcuts, clogs etc. Fresh bark may cause nausea and vomiting. European black alder, European alder, Common alder. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=algl2, http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-6376, https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=19470#null, http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/50040/, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=2448, http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a929, http://www.floracatalana.net/alnus-glutinosa-l-gaertn, https://www.nature.nps.gov/water/marineinvasives/assets/PDFs/GreatLakes/Alnus_glutinosa.pdf, http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/a/alder019.html, http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Alnus+glutinosa, http://www.ontarioinvasiveplants.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/OIPC_BMP_EuropeanBlackAlder.pdf, http://www.docs.dcnr.pa.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_010276.pdf, https://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_algl2.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alnus_glutinosa, https://www.na.fs.fed.us/fhp/invasive_plants/weeds/european-alder.pdf, https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/GreatLakes/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=2696, http://www.misin.msu.edu/facts/detail/print.php?id=1, https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/GreatLakes/FactSheet.aspx?NoCache=9%2F13%2F2013+7%3A22%3A14+AM&SpeciesID=2696&State=&HUCNumber=, http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/trees/ALNGLUA.pdf.

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