"[29] Nevertheless, the Anatolian hypothesis is incompatible with the linguistic evidence. According to this model, the Kurgan culture gradually expanded until it encompassed the entire Pontic–Caspian steppe, Kurgan IV being identified with the Yamnaya culture of around 3000 BC. The view of a Pontic origin was still strongly favoured, e.g., by the archaeologists V. Gordon Childe[14] and Ernst Wahle. The expansion of agriculture from the Middle East would have diffused three language families: Indo-European toward Europe, Dravidian toward Pakistan and India, and Afro Asiatic toward Arabia and North Africa. The vast majority of linguistic work during the 19th century was devoted to the reconstruction of PIE or its daughter proto-languages (such as Proto-Germanic), and most of the modern techniques of linguistic reconstruction such as the comparative method were developed as a result. When it was first proposed in 1956, in The Prehistory of Eastern Europe, Part 1, Marija Gimbutas's contribution to the search for Indo-European origins was an interdisciplinary synthesis of archaeology and linguistics. According to this model, the Kurgan culture gradually expanded u… The "Kurgan hypothesis" is the most widely accepted proposal of several solutions to explain the origins and spread of the Indo-European languages. Alignment with Anatolian hypothesis (2000s), genetically speaking, peoples of the Kurgan steppe descended at least in part from people of the Middle Eastern Neolithic who immigrated there from Turkey.”. He points out that. It proposes that PIE people first dispersed from out of Neolithic Anatolia, and is now the main rival to the Kurgan hypothesis aka Steppe Theory, which is currently still viewed as the more favoured school of thought among the academe. The main strength of the farming hypothesis, Three genetic studies in 2015 gave partial support to Gimbutas’s Kurgan theory. The mobility of the Kurgan culture facilitated its expansion over the entire region, and is attributed to the domestication of the horse and later the use of early chariots. Around 5,000 years ago, perhaps triggered by a cold spell that made it difficult to feed their herds, Yamnaya men spilled east across Siberia and down into Central Asia. An excellent lecture by Dr. Harl about the proto Indo-European steppe nomads. Genetic studies have also indicated that these populations derived large parts of their ancestry from the steppes. The Kurgan hypothesis (also known as the Kurgan theory or Kurgan model) or Steppe theory is the most widely accepted proposal to identify the Proto-Indo-European homeland from which the Indo-European languages spread out throughout Europe and parts of Asia. In a study published last June in the Journal of Human Genetics, researchers sequenced the mitochondrial DNA of 12 Yamnaya individuals, along with their immediate predecessors and descendants. Over time, their descendants spread from central Europe to the Atlantic coast, establishing new trade routes and an unprecedented level of cultural contact and exchange in western Europe. A theory of language diffusion, which holds that the spread of Indo-European languages originated with animal domestication; originated in the Central Asian steppes; and was later more violent and swifter than proponents of the Anatolian hypothesis maintain. The Anatolian hypothesis, also known as the Anatolian theory or the sedentary farmer theory, first developed by British archaeologist Colin Renfrew in 1987, proposes that the dispersal of Proto-Indo-Europeans originated in Neolithic Anatolia. When it was first proposed in 1956, in The Prehistory of Eastern Europe, Part 1, Marija Gimbutas's contribution to the search for Indo-European origins was an interdisciplinary synthesis of archaeology and linguistics.

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