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Periods of the Periodic Table. A period is a horizontal row of elements on the periodic table. A period is a horizontal row of the periodic table. Period 1 has only two elements (hydrogen and helium), while periods 2 and 3 have 8 elements. The periodic table used in the textbook has a total of 118 elements. If you can locate an element on the Periodic Table, you can use the element's position to figure out the energy level of the element's valence electrons. For example, the elements sodium (\(\ce{Na}\)) and magnesium (\(\ce{Mg}\)) are both in period 3. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A table of the elements, written in sequence in the order of atomic number or atomic weight and arranged in horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups) to illustrate the occurrence of similarities in the properties of the elements as a periodic function of the sequence. The Periodic Table How the periodic table is put together Who created it? https://www.thoughtco.com/modern-periodic-table-organization-4032075 There are 7 periods and 18 groups in the periodic table. Periodic Table The periodic table is the chemicals arranged in order of increasing atomic number and grouped with similar chemical properties. Chemists refer to each row as a period and each column as a group. There are seven periods in the periodic table, with each one beginning at the far left. A new period begins when a new principal energy level begins filling with electrons. By 1860 about 60 elements were known and a method was needed for organization. The most noticeable feature of the periodic table is that it is arranged as a chart with seven rows and eight columns, although the number of columns increases toward the bottom of the chart. 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