(The country had previously been called Serbia and Montenegro and then the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.). Furthermore, the concept of self-determination—the process by which a group of people form their own state and choose their own government—was explored in documents and declarations of the United Nations, beginning with its 1945 charter. Originally its own Kingdom of Croatia, the Adriatic Sea-bordering country allied itself with Hungary and later with the Habsburg Empire. New countries don’t pop up every day. The subsequent and peaceful 1993 Velvet Divorce established Slovakia and the Czech Republic on January 1, 1993. In 1921, both Azerbaijan and Georgia were resolutely reconquered by Vladimir Lenin and Soviet forces, becoming Soviet Socialist Republics. Located in an economically-important corner of Europe, modern-day Estonia has been controlled by the ruling elites of Denmark, Germany, and Sweden. Following Russia’s October Revolution, Estonia declared its first independence in 1918 before fighting a 14-month war of independence against the Bolsheviks. The modern state of Germany has only existed for upwards of 25 years, something Germans who lived through those tough times were proud to see come to fruition. The official date of the reunification was October 3, 1990. Explore the site after taking in the natural wonder of Lovcen National Park, where the mausoleum is located. The Republic of South Sudan is the newest country in the world. That year, Montenegro split when a referendum of 55% of the population voted for independence. Conflict has continued to affect the country and, even in 2015, Russia has committed to send more troops to the region. The second-to-last African country to gain independence, Namibia was a South African territory until 1990. Montenegro became a free state in May 2006 after 55 percent of the population voted for independence, officially breaking the nation’s unification with Serbia. Different peoples and factions aimed to carve out their own territories and spaces. Serbia acquired Kosovo in 1912 after the First Balkan War. While it was ruled for a long time under the dictatorship of Saparmurat Niyazov until his death in 2006, it is a land of great tradition and natural beauty. Inland, a spine of mountains create a striking backdrop, veined with rivers, wetlands and grassy plains. Today, Montenegro is a rising destination for tourists. Nestled between Ukraine and Romania, Moldova has long been a contested area. Mountainous Tajikistan is located to the west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan, and north of Afghanistan. _g1 = document.getElementById('g1-logo-inverted-source'); In the late 19th century, Turkmenistan was annexed by Russia, and in 1924, it was made part of the Soviet Union. Serbia (and 43% of UN members) still don’t recognize Kosovo’s independence, but over 100 countries – including Egypt, Italy, and the United States – do. Slovakia became part of the Hungarian Kingdom in the 9th century. Occupied by Germany after the carving up of Africa, Namibia was occupied by South Africa during World War I; South Africa administered Namibia until after World War II when it annexed the area. Formerly part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, it united with nearby countries to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes after World War I, soon becoming the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The home of the first eastern Slavic state (Kyivan Rus), current-day Ukraine was the most powerful state in Europe during the 10th and 11th centuries. », 25 Of The Coolest Mortal Kombat GIFs Ever, 25 Most Impressive Head Of State Residences, 25 Ugliest Buildings In The World That You Have To See To Believe, 25 Least Visited Island Countries In The World, 25 Creepiest Abandoned Buildings Around the World, 25 Strangest Cargo Ever Carried By Plane, Train, or Automobile. Still, even when the aforementioned criteria appear to be met, internationally recognized independence is not a foregone conclusion. In fact, because of its history, it remains one of the last under-the-radar destinations in Europe. A land of castles and mountains, it features walking trails through mountain passes, glacier lakes and a blossoming cultural capital in the form of Bratislava. The U.S. government dissolved the trusteeship in 1986, but Palau was unable to win support for free association until 1993. After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by Great Britain during World War I and remained under British administration until its formal independence in 1932. Finally, in 1995, a peace agreement was reached, laying the groundwork for a more stable future. She was previously employed by Standard... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Since then, it has struggled through ongoing conflict with neighboring Azerbaijan, though there has been recent hope for peace. It also borders the Adriatic Sea, making for stunning seaside scenery, and features the Tara River canyon, the deepest and longest in Europe. Since the year 1990, 34 new countries have been created, many as a result of the dissolution of the U.S.S.R. and Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. Russia conquered the area around 1813 and ruled it until its independence in 1991 when the Soviet Union fell. The United States does recognize its independence. In the 1980s, heightened Albanian nationalism led Serbia to revoke the autonomous status of Kosovo, which led Kosovar Albanians to declare independence in 1991. The country features towering limestone cliffs and volcanic islands carpeted in forest, all ringed with electric-blue water. It then saw four years of fighting to remove Serbian armies from Croatian territory. The internationally supported 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement, crafted to end the long-running conflict between the north and the south, granted southern Sudan semiautonomous status and provided for a referendum on independence to be held in six years. The primary concern is the existence of landmines in many remote areas of the country. Serbia annexed the territory just before World War I (and after the Balkan wars of 1912 and 1913) and repressed non-Serbian activities. February 8, 2016, 8:00 pm. Long a victim of shifting borders and empires, the country most recently existed as two separate nations, West Germany and East Germany, during the throes of the Cold War. The Bosniaks and Croats allied themselves in 1994 and 1995 was the year of peace agreements in Dayton, Ohio. In response to heightened Albanian nationalism in the 1980’s, Serbia revoked its autonomous status which led Kosovar Albanians to declare independence after a 1991 referendum in favor. As the communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union began to collapse at the end of the 1980s, Germany fully unified its eastern and western halves, shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Granted independence from England and Egypt (co-rulers) in 1956, the northern, mostly Muslim, part of the country promised that the southern, mostly Christian part, would have full participation in the government. The lack of a framework for the new state led to much dissension between north and south. The newly established state went back on its promises resulting in two long wars (1955-72 and 1983-2005). The country’s history is fraught and fascinating; Europeans began heading to the area when diamonds were discovered in the early 20th century, and from 1890 to 1915, it was a contested German colony. Go now before people catch on. List25.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program The pre- and post-independence administrations, which were based in the north, had trouble gaining acceptance by all of the diverse political constituencies in Sudan, particularly those in the south, leading to the marginalization of the population there. Disgruntled Czechs and Slovaks united to form Czechoslovakia after the Empire’s dissolution post-World War I. The country's relations with Kosovo (read on!) The Republic of South Sudan is the newest country in the world. Visitors flock to see its seaside cities and picturesque islands. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. If and when the country does become safe for travel again, it will have much to offer adventurers, from nature reserves to desert cities to gorgeous beaches. The rebels in Eritrea won in 1991, and in 1993, Eritreans voted for their independence. It’s unclear as of yet, but the fighting may bring a new country to clinch this list’s top spot as the newest country in the world. Starting in the 6th century BC, it was ruled by Persians, who were later conquered by Alexander the Great. Just before World War II, Nazi Germany annexed large swathes of the Czech Republic and granted its new ally Slovakia independence (under the forced condition that it support Hitler and the Nazi’s). The country’s history stretches back for most of European history with multiple mergers and divisions, but was most recently divided in 1945 between the western (Allied-backed) Federal Republic of Germany and the eastern (Soviet-backed) German Democratic Republic (GDR). The story of Germany is a remarkable one; despite experiencing years of strife and division in the 20th century, it is today not only stable, but thriving. _g1.setAttribute('srcset', _g1.getAttribute('data-srcset')); Jockeyed between the Ottoman and Persian Empires, Armenia ended up as part of the Soviet Union in 1922 before gaining full independence with the fall of the Iron Curtain. But the newly established state immediately suffered through a bloody war when the Muslim north clashed with the Christian south. The agreements established two tiers of government, one for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Bosniaks and Croats) and another for the Republika Srpska (mostly Serbs), both special regions within the same country. _g1.setAttribute('src', _g1.getAttribute('data-src') ); In 1999, a change in leadership in Indonesia allowed the East Timorese to vote in an independence ballot. Finally, that brings us to the world's newest country — The Republic of South Sudan. Armenia is a safe and fascinating destination for tourists lured by culture, history, monuments and landscapes. Discover which countries are the youngest in the world, so you can expand your bucket list with exciting new additions to our global map. The entity soon joined the Kingdom of Serbia to establish the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (a very creative name). Harsh repression began once the area came under communist rule and lasted until the 1989 Velvet Revolution brought the Communist Party out of power. Still today, some 95 percent of Armenians are Christians. The violent and bloody emancipation of South Sudan has rendered it one of the poorest and least developed nations on the planet. _g1 = document.getElementById('g1-logo-inverted-img'); The second newest state in Europe, Montenegro has endured a tumultuous history under the rule of multiple foreign powers. } The natural resources-rich country was the last Soviet republic to declare independence on December 16th, 1991. Rebellion broke out in Donetsk and Luhansk, two self-declared republics in the east. Filipino migrants first settled the islands of Palau a few millennia ago and resided there until the Spaniards took over in the late 16th century.

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