The oil and gas business is popping its eyes to the Arctic. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Regehr, E.V., Lunn, N.J., Amstrup, S.C., and Stirling, I. Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, Alaska. A summary of polar bear harvest management in Alaska (booklet). Over thousands of years, polar bears have conjointly been a crucial part of the cultures and economies of Arctic peoples. 2007. Environmental Science & Technology 40:449-456. Schliebe, S.L. USFWS, Anchorage, Alaska. 2017. 2006. Schliebe, S., B. Benter, E.V. Relative influences of climate change and human activity on the onshore distribution of polar bears. 2008. U.S. Brower, and S.L. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology; 35: 354-367. It is citing ocean ice loss from global climate change because of the single biggest threat to their survival. Journal of Applied Ecology 54:1534-1543. Gleason, J.S., and K. D. Rode. 2009. The National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska (NPR-A) in northeastern Alaska provides winter maternal denning habitat for polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and also has high potential for recoverable hydrocarbons. 2006 Demographics and behavior of polar bears feeding on bowhead whale carcasses at Barter and Cross Islands, Alaska, 2002-2004. McKinney, K. Lillie, R.R. Sold by s2. During the summer, polar bears can pay up to a 3rd of their time sleeping. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 13:2260-2267. Fish and Wildlife Service. Born, R. Dietz, A.E. 2011. Sea ice is vital to polar bears. Routti, Heli, R.J. Letcher, E.W. Smithwick, M., Mabury, S.A., Solomon, K.R., Sonne, C., Martin, J.W., Born, E.W., Dietz, R., Derocher, A.E., Letcher, R.J., Evans, T.J., Gabrielsen, G.W., Nagy, J., Stirling, I., Taylor, M.K., and Muir, D.C.G. Scientific Reports 8:16780. Wilder, J. M., T. DeBruyn, T. Smith, A. Southwould. Bromaghin, D. Douglas, R.R. Kalxdorff, Susanne B. During years with a greater area of autumn sea ice, reproductive success was higher at land-based versus sea-ice dens, suggesting continued decline in sea ice could negatively affect recruitment. Summary of polar bear management in Alaska. Regehr, E.L. Richmond, M.F. 21pp. In total, there are 19 subpopulations: 5 of which occur outside of Canada and 14 that occur within or overlap with Canada. The total area designated covers 484,734 sq km (187,157 sq mi), with approximately 96 percent of the critical habitat area being sea ice. DeBruyn, C. Hamilton, S. Miller, C. J. Perham, E. Regehr, and K.Rode. Pages 125-138 in Proceedings of the Eleventh Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. Schliebe, S.L. Polar bears also can be exposed to virulent chemicals like pesticides through their prey. U.S. In total, there are 14 subpopulations that are contained within or overlap with Canada. Report to the Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee. Wilson, D. Douglas, and S. Miller, and P. Terletzky. Designated critical habitat includes three units: barrier islands, sea ice and terrestrial denning habitat. Derocher, G.W. 3, p.18. Denning phenology and reproductive success. Polar Bear Habitat and Distribution. 2006. Canadian subpopulations (abbreviations and status): Viscount Melville Sound (VM) ‘data deficient’, Norwegian Bay (NW) ‘data deficient’, Kane Basin (KB) ‘increased’, Lancaster Sound (LS) ‘data deficient’, Baffin Bay (BB) ‘likely declined’, Davis Strait (DS) ‘likely increased’, Southern Hudson Bay (SH) ‘likely declined’, Western Hudson Bay (WH) ‘likely declined’, Foxe Basin (FB) ‘stable’, Gulf of Boothia (GB) ‘data deficient’, M’Clintock Channel (MC) ‘data deficient’, Southern Beaufort Sea (SB) ‘likely declined’, Northern Beaufort Sea (NB) ‘likely stable’, and Arctic Basin (AB) ‘data deficient’. 2011. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, Alaska. 2012. http://pbsg.npolar.no/en/status/population-map.html, What if I find a marine mammal part on the beach, What should I do if I find a dead polar bear, Seismic survey design and impacts to maternal polar bear dens, Accounting for phenology in the analysis of animal movement, Heightened Immune System Function in Polar Bears Using Terrestrial Habitats, Estimating vital rates and regional abundance for polar bears (, Harvest risk assessment for polar bears in the Chukchi Sea: report to the Commissioners of the U.S.-Russia Polar Bear Agreement, Potential impacts of offshore oil spills on polar bears in the Chukchi Sea, Phenotypic plasticity and climate change: can polar bears respond to longer Arctic, Effects of polar bear denning phenology on cub survival in a changing climate, Spring fasting behavior among polar bears provides and index of ecosystem productivity, Relative influences of climate change and human activity on the onshore distribution of polar bears, Polar bear attacks on humans: implications of a changing climate, Harvesting wildlife under climate change: an improved modeling and management framework for polar bears, Increased Arctic sea ice drift alters polar bear movements and energetics, Summer activity of polar bears in response to habitat degradation in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, Collar temperature sensor data reveal long-term patterns in southern Beaufort Sea polar bear den distribution on pack ice and land, Performance and retention of lightweight satellite radio tags applied to the ears of polar bears (, Polar bears experience skeletal muscle atrophy in response to food deprivation and reduced activity in winter and summer, Southern and Northern Beaufort Sea polar bear subpopulation estimates under a proposed boundary shift, Invariant polar bear habitat selection during a period of sea ice loss, Demographic composition and behavior of polar bears summering on shore in Alaska, Using simulation to evaluate wildlife survey designs: polar bears and seals in the Chukchi Sea, Demography of an apex predator at the edge of its range: impacts of changing sea ice on polar bears in Hudson Bay, Modeling snowdrift habitat for polar bear dens, Co-management of the Alaskan Harvest of the Alaska-Chukotka polar bear subpopulation: how to implement a harvest quota, Increased land use by Chukchi Sea polar bears in relation to changing sea ice conditions, Polar bear-grizzly bear interactions during the autumn open water period in Alaska, Ursus maritimus. No data point selected. Fish and Wildlife Service Report; Anchorage, Alaska. 2017. Environmental Science and Technology: 45: 896-902. Systematic collection of bear-human interaction information for Alaska’s national parks. The North American portion appears at the bottom of the map with Europe and Russia at the top. Scientists estimate there are presently 23,000 polar bears worldwide. Schliebe, S.L., J.W. Regehr, and S.C. Amstrup. Durner, G.M., D.C. Douglas, S.E. Regehr, E.V., R.R. Establishing a definition of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) health: a guide to research and management activities. The coat will vary from pure white to a creamy yellow looking at the time of year and also the angle of light. Polar bear population status in Southern Hudson Bay, Canada. [4] Luckily for us, polar bears are only found in the most northern areas of Alaska and Canada, and all of Greenland. Harvest risk assessment for polar bears in the Chukchi Sea: report to the Commissioners of the U.S.-Russia Polar Bear Agreement. Wilson. Oecologia 184:87-99. Polar bears evolved to utilize the Arctic Ocean ice niche and are distributed throughout most ice-covered seas of the hemisphere. Regehr, and S.C. Amstrup. Wilson, E.V. Based on data from radio-tagged adult female bears in the SBS, maternal denning now occurs at relatively high densities along the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska. Collection of local knowledge regarding polar bear habitat use in Alaska. Collar temperature sensor data reveal long-term patterns in southern Beaufort Sea polar bear den distribution on pack ice and land. Stirling, I., Derocher, A.E., Gough, W.A., and Rode, K. 2008. Evans, T.J., T.D. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. Schliebe, S.L., S.C. Amstrup, and G.W. Population Ecology 54:3-18. 1995. This work provides a foundation for developing improved models of terrestrial denning habitat for the entire coastal plain region. Durner. (2007) on polar bears and climate change in western Hudson Bay, Federal Register announcement and summary information, Polar Bear Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, National Snow and Ice Data Center, Arctic Sea Ice News, Announcement: Additional Opportunity for Public Comment, USFWS announces release of the 5-year review for Short-tailed Albatross, Help Prevent Disturbances of Walruses at Coastal Haulouts, Seabirds: a photographic journey along Alaska's coast and marine habitats, water repellent guard hairs, dense underfur, and black skin for absorbing warmth, small "suction cups" on the soles of their feet for traction on slippery ice, teeth specialized for a solely carnivorous diet, ability to store large amounts of fat when food is available and then use it during lean times. However, if a very nasty storm rolls through or the weather gets extreme. Wilson, R.R., C. Perham, D. French-McCay, and R. Balouskus. The sea ice is vast and ever-changing. 2011. Recently, Chukchi Sea polar bears have shifted land-based denning northward on Islands in Russia and rarely on the Alaskan coast. Endangered Species Act. They are more dangerous because they don't have much contact with humans - so they may see us as prey when they are hungry. Wilson, R.R., E.V. Derocher (eds). Perham. Recent... Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Alaska use the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) for maternal denning. Polar bears live mostly around the North Pole. Muir, Robert J. Letcher, Ross J. Norstrom, and Aaron T. Fisk. 4, p.17. Wilder, and R.R. Ecological Applications 21(3): 859-876. (pdf). 2011. They’re going to typically dig shallow sleeping pits (sometimes called day beds) if they’re on soft ground like gravel, snow or sand; these bear beds are measured to be concerning 1.5 meters in diameter and up to 0.5 meters comprehensive. 2009. 2012. We maintain a catalog and database on the approximate locations and methods of discovery of polar bear maternal dens found in the Beaufort Sea and neighboring regions since 1910.

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