The species can make all the difference in what project the wood is used for, as soft pines cannot be used for making guitars while a hard pine such as digger pine can be used to create a guitar body successfully. Color/Appearance: White Spruce is typically a creamy white, with a hint of yellow. Glues and finishes well, though it can give poor (blotchy and inconsistent) results when being stained due to its closed pore structure. Spruce can also be used to build airplane panels and boat hulls, ladders and oars. Premium: DIY market, panelling, joinery, musical instruments Her articles have appeared on the websites of "Wall Street Journal" and "USA Today." Phytoncids in wooden houses and its battle against virus and coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Workability: Easy to work, as long as there are no knots present. Fir is also used in plywood of both high and low quality. With the increase of tree rings (and the associated decrease in the proportion of late wood), the density is reduced, mechanical properties also deteriorate - only pine wood with wide growth rings from 4 to 6 mm (DIN 4074-1) is suitable for construction . Wood - Wood - Properties of wood: Sensory characteristics include colour, lustre, odour, taste, texture, grain, figure, weight, and hardness of wood. See the articles Wood Allergies and Toxicity and Wood Dust Safety for more information. Identifying and Using Hundreds of Woods Worldwide, POSTER: Worldwide Woods: Ranked by Hardness. The density of a sample of wood can be appraised visually by observing the width (thickness) of growth rings and the proportion of latewood. Pine, spruce and fir trees are all conifer trees. These supplementary macroscopic characteristics are helpful in describing a piece of wood for identification or other purposes. ; Tivon Feeley; November 2005, Purdue University; Colorado Spruce Trees and Growing New Lower Branches? Wood stamped S-P-F is used for several products: DIY markets, panelling, joinery, structural wood, flooring, framing studs, pallets, packaging, formwork, renovation and secondary constructions, etc. Sustainability: This wood species is not listed in the CITES Appendices, and is reported by the IUCN as being a species of least concern. Properties and Uses. Douglas fir woods are strong and ideal, with straight grains that are the result of long, straight trunks. Pricing/Availability: Construction grade spruce is cheap and easy to find. European Spruce (Picea abies), aka Alpine or German Spruce, can be found with Bear Claw pattern, which indicates the grain is vertical grain. Export of wooden houses to India from Belarus, Conversion of an old wooden stable to a hotel and bar, Wooden houses for export to Europe and other countries of the world. She is pursuing a bachelor's degree in interior design and an associate's degree in architecture. 2 lumber, Norway Spruce- Estonai, Latia & Lithuania, Norway Spruce- Germany, France & Switzerland, Silver Fir (Abies alba) – Germany, France & Switzerland, Scots Pine – Austria, Czech Republic, Romania & Ukraine. 3: pallets, packing cases, barrels, temporary work, 1. White Spruce is occasionally used for piano soundboards, requiring clear quartersawn pieces. Grain/Texture: White Spruce has a fine, even texture, and a consistently straight grain. Quebec wood stamped S-P-F (Spruce-Pine-Fir) is the most popular wood in Canada for construction purposes due to its great strength. Sawing and machining is easy, also assembling. Pine is very lightweight, but some species will be heavier than others. 2 & Better: Carcassing, flooring, scaffold boards, bed-frames Wood stamped S-P-F is used for several products: DIY markets, panelling, joinery, structural wood, flooring, framing studs, pallets, packaging, formwork, renovation and secondary constructions, etc. In general, density is a measure of the quality of clear wood—that is, wood without defects. Quebec wood stamped S-P-F (Spruce-Pine-Fir) is the most popular wood in Canada for construction purposes due to its great strength. Fluorescence: A Secret Weapon in Wood Identification, Bow Woods (from a mathematical perspective), Brazilian Rosewood, East Indian, and Other Rosewoods, Genuine Lignum Vitae and Argentine Lignum Vitae, BOOK: WOOD! It is a light, softer wood, but it works well for basic construction projects. Spruce trees that have been allowed to grow and mature have been found to possess acoustical properties, making the tree better suited for use in the construction of musical instruments such as guitars, violins and pianos. With the span of time the color of the spruce wood changes to reddish-white and the wood darken to yellow-brown. Many pine trees have been excessively harvested for their wood, resulting in lumber from younger, immature pines. The sapwood of Norway spruce is white to pale yellow in colour, its heartwood is not always distinguishable but often tinged with brown and reddish-brown hues. Pricing/Availability: Construction grade spruce is cheap and easy to find. Common Uses: Paper (pulpwood), construction lumber, millwork, and crates. Many of the mechanical properties of wood tabulated in this chapter were derived from extensive sampling and analysis procedures. Shear stress is measured in psi. Appearance: The spruce wood appear to be bright in color. Design: Canadian SPF: The Strong Choice for Concrete Formworks, Design values for visually grader no. Conifer trees, such as pine, spruce and fir, all have similar traits but also different characteristics that make them ideal for use in various projects. However, spruce is known to rot easily, swell easily and also burn easily. The dry mass of wood in a given volume is determined by density, which is obtained by dividing the oven-dry weight by the volume, either oven-dry or green. By creating an account you agree to the Hunker, Iowa State University; Pine, Fir or Spruce Tree? Natural lustre is characteristic of some species (for example, spruce, ash, basswood, and poplar) and more prominent on radial surfaces. The density of temperate woods varies from about 0.3 to 0.9 gram per cc, but the range worldwide is approximately from 0.2 to 1.2 grams per cc. Spruce commonly serves as structural lumber and has a long history of use in log homes. Wood is very resistant to shearing perpendicular to the grain and this property is not measured via a standard test. Standards are oven-dry weight (practically zero moisture content) and either oven-dry or green volume (green referring to moisture content above the fibre saturation point, which averages about 30 percent). Because of its softness, spruce, as pine, should not be used for flooring in areas where it will be constantly exposed heels or where furniture will be installed on the legs with a small area of support. Grain is often used synonymously with texture, as in coarse, fine, or even texture or grain, and also to denote direction of wood elements, whether straight, spiral, or wavy, for example. FYI: I receive a commission on sales generated through links to Amazon, eBay, etc. In addition, radiation methods are used for direct measurement of density. Wood - Wood - Properties of wood: Sensory characteristics include colour, lustre, odour, taste, texture, grain, figure, weight, and hardness of wood. It is a light, softer wood, but it works well for basic construction projects. Scans/Pictures: The samples shown below were taken from a dwarf variety of the species, which has a high number of knots, as well as irregular grain, which aren’t necessarily typical for the species. Allergies/Toxicity: Although severe reactions are quite uncommon, Spruce in the Picea genus has been reported as a sensitizer. For specimens that are regular in shape, volume can be calculated on the basis of their dimensions. All Rights Reserved. Oven-dry samples are first immersed in hot molten paraffin, to build a thin protective coating, before being immersed in water. Wood is uniformly-white with a golden hueand it is able to retain the natural color for a long time. Regular members of the Québec Forest Industry Council are represented on overseas markets by QWEB. No. They are identified easily by their needles and cones with seeds, as deciduous trees have leaves and different forms -- such as an acorn -- with seeds instead. Common temperate-climate woods range in weight from about 300 to 900 kg per cubic metre (about 20 to 55 pounds per cubic foot) in air-dry condition, but lighter and heavier woods exist in the tropics, ranging from 80 to 1,300 kg per cubic metre (5 to 80 pounds per cubic foot) for balsa and lignum vitae, respectively. Natural colour is subject to change by prolonged exposure to the atmosphere and by bleaching or dyeing. In order to obtain comparable figures, weight and volume are determined at specified moisture contents. Source : American Wood Council, National Design Specifications (NDS) for Wood Construction, 2015. No. Structural Wood Lumber Engineering Properties 5" and Larger ; Commercial Lumber Sizes Table; Standard Wood Lumber Nail Sizes Table; Structural Wood Lumber Engineering Properties Chart 2" to 4" thick, 2" and wider. Spruce is the standard material used in soundboards for many musical instruments, … Pine is an extremely soft wood that is known to dent and damage easily. Fact or fiction? Pine trees feature needles that cluster in groups of two, three or five and jet outward from the branches, whereas spruce and fir trees feature needles that are individually attached to the branches. The term texture describes the degree of uniformity of appearance of a wood surface, usually transverse. Affordable: The spruce wood is available in market at low rates due to this reason the spruce wood is one of the popular material which is used for making the furniture. Grain sometimes is used in place of figure, as in silver grain in oak. However, quartersawn clear pieces—free from knots—can be more expensive. These supplementary macroscopic characteristics are helpful in describing a piece of wood for identification or other purposes. Spruce's density and hardness is comparable to pine wood, but its processing is much more complicated. Spruce is one of the most important trees in Germany: Almost one third of Germany’s forestland is covered by spruce. Spruce wood is very soft and has an average density of 470 kg / m ³ at 12-15% humidity. 114-49, Necrasov str., Minsk, Republic of Belarus, 220049. Are Rosewoods (and Bubinga) really banned by CITES? Building projects, whether it be a house or a musical instrument, require different types of wood. You can view a 3D-tour of a wooden house “Mirage” and "White House" with augmented reality glasses in the office Archiline Houses. (This is a monthly update, and your email will be kept private.). Usually most common reactions simply include skin irritation and/or respiratory disorders. The term figure applies to natural designs or patterns of wood surfaces (normally radial or tangential). Oven-dry volume is difficult to determine, at least by immersion in water, because of wood’s hygroscopicity. Click here. The dense grain of the fir wood make it ideal for use in construction, as it holds a nail well and can be used for flooring, windows, panels, trim and doors. As sensory characteristics, weight and hardness are included in a diagnostic rather than technical sense—weight as judged by simple hand-lifting and hardness by pressing with the thumbnail. Copyright © Quebec Wood Export Bureau. However, quartersawn clear pieces—free from knots—can be more expensive. The soft pine group is less dense and more widespread, and because the soft pine group shares similar properties and applications with spruce, only soft pines are suitable for comparison with spruce. Density is the weight or mass of a unit volume of wood, and specific gravity the ratio of the density of wood to that of water.

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